In the Name of the Name: RDF literals, ER attributes and the potential to rethink the structures and visualizations of catalogs

Authors

  • Manolis Peponakis National Hellenic Research Foundation / National Documentation Centre

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i2.8749

Abstract

The aim of this study is to contribute to the field of machine-processable bibliographic data that is suitable for the Semantic Web. We examine the Entity Relationship (ER) model, which has been selected by IFLA as a “conceptual framework” in order to model the FR family (FRBR, FRAD and RDA), and the problems ER causes as we move towards the Semantic Web. Subsequently, while maintaining the semantics of the aforementioned standards but rejecting the ER as a conceptual framework for bibliographic data, this paper builds on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) potential and documents how both the RDF and Linked Data’s rationale can affect the way we model bibliographic data.

In this way, a new approach to bibliographic data emerges where the distinction between description and authorities is obsolete. Instead, the integration of the authorities with descriptive information becomes fundamental so that a network of correlations can be established between the entities and the names by which the entities are known. Naming is a vital issue for human cultures because names are not random sequences of characters or sounds which stand just as identifiers for the entities - they also have socio-cultural meanings and interpretations. Thus, instead of describing indivisible resources, we could describe entities that appear in a variety of names on various resources. In this study, a method is proposed to connect the names with the entities they represent and, in this way, to document the provenance of these names by connecting specific resources with specific names.

References

ALA. (n.d.). RDA Toolkit: Resource Description and Access. Retrieved June 18, 2014, from http://access.rdatoolkit.org/

Antoniou, G., & Van Harmelen, F. (2008). A Semantic Web Primer (2ed ed.). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Baker, T., Coyle, K., & Petiya, S. (2014). Multi-entity models of resource description in the Semantic Web. Library Hi Tech, 32(4), 562–582. http://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-08-2014-0081

Bekiari, C., Doerr, M., Le Bœuf, P., & Riva, P. (2013). FRBR Object-Oriented Definition and Mapping from FRBRER, FRAD and FRSAD (version 2.0 (draft )). Retrieved from http://www.cidoc-crm.org/docs/frbr_oo//frbr_docs/FRBRoo_V2.0_draft_2013May.pdf

Clarke, R. I. (2015). Breaking Records: The History of Bibliographic Records and Their Influence in Conceptualizing Bibliographic Data. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 53(3-4), 286–302. http://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2014.960988

Coyle, K., & Hillmann, D. (2007). Resource Description and Access (RDA): Cataloging Rules for the 20th Century. D-Lib Magazine, 13(1/2). http://doi.org/10.1045/january2007-coyle

Deligiannidis, L., Sheth, A. P., & Aleman-Meza, B. (2006). Semantic Analytics Visualization. In S. Mehrotra, D. D. Zeng, H. Chen, B. Thuraisingham, & F.-Y. Wang (Eds.), Intelligence and Security Informatics (pp. 48–59). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11760146_5

Diao, J. (2015). “Fu hao,” “fu hao,” “fuHao,” or “fu Hao”? A Cataloger’s Navigation of an Ancient Chinese Woman’s Name. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 53(1), 71–87. http://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2014.935543

Doerr, M., Riva, P., & Žumer, M. (2012). FRBR Entities: Identity and Identification. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 50(5-7), 517–541. http://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.681252

Dunsire, G. (2012). Representing the FR Family in the Semantic Web. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 50(5-7), 724–741. http://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.679881

Dunsire, G., Hillmann, D., & Phipps, J. (2012). Reconsidering Universal Bibliographic Control in Light of the Semantic Web. Journal of Library Metadata, 12(2-3), 164–176. http://doi.org/10.1080/19386389.2012.699831

Hickey, T. B., & Toves, J. A. (2014). Managing Ambiguity in VIAF. D-Lib Magazine, 20(7/8). http://doi.org/10.1045/july2014-hickey

IFLA. (1998). Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report (As amended and corrected through February 2009, Vol. 19). München: K.G. Saur.

IFLA. (2001). UNIMARC manual: authorities format (2nd revised and enlarged edition). München: K.G. Saur.

IFLA. (2009). Functional Requirements for Authority Data: A Conceptual Model. (G. E. Patton, Ed.). München: K.G. Saur.

IFLA. (2010). Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD): A Conceptual Model (p. 75). IFLA. Retrieved from http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/classification-and-indexing/functional-requirements-for-subject-authority-data/frsad-final-report.pdf

Kless, D., Lindenthal, J., Milton, S., & Kazmierczak, E. (2011). Interoperability of knowledge organization systems with and through ontologies. In A. Slavic & E. Civallero (Eds.), Classification & ontology: formal approaches and access to knowledge: proceedings of the international UDC seminar 19-20 September 2011, The Hague, the Netherlands, organized by UDC Consortium, The Hague (pp. 55–74). Würzburg: Ergon.

Lampert, C. K., & Southwick, S. B. (2013). Leading to Linking: Introducing Linked Data to Academic Library Digital Collections. Journal of Library Metadata, 13(2-3), 230–253. http://doi.org/10.1080/19386389.2013.826095

Library of Congress. (1999, April 18). MARC 21 Format for Authority Data. Library of Congress. Retrieved from http://www.loc.gov/marc/authority/

Murray, R. J., & Tillett, B. B. (2011). Cataloging Theory in Search of Graph Theory and Other Ivory Towers. Information Technology and Libraries, 30(4), 170–184. http://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v30i4.1868

Niu, J. (2013). Evolving Landscape in Name Authority Control. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 51(4), 404–419. http://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.756843

Noack, R. (2015, February 24). Out of fear of racism, Sweden changes the names of bird species. The Washington Post. Washington. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/02/24/out-of-fear-of-racism-sweden-changes-the-names-of-bird-species/

On, B.-W., Choi, G. S., & Jung, S.-M. (2014). A case study for understanding the nature of redundant entities in bibliographic digital libraries. Program: Electronic Library and Information Systems, 48(3), 246–271. http://doi.org/10.1108/PROG-07-2012-0037

Peponakis, M. (2012). Conceptualizations of the Cataloging Object: A Critique on Current Perceptions of FRBR Group 1 Entities. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 50(5-7), 587–602. http://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.681275

Peponakis, M. (2013). Libraries’ Metadata as Data in the Era of the Semantic Web: Modeling a Repository of Master Theses and PhD Dissertations for the Web of Data. Journal of Library Metadata, 13(4), 330–348. http://doi.org/10.1080/19386389.2013.846618

Portner, P. H. (2005). What is Meaning?: Fundamentals of Formal Semantics. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Rayside, D., & Campbell, G. T. (2000). An Aristotelian Understanding of Object-oriented Programming. In Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-oriented Programming, Systems, Languages, and Applications (pp. 337–353). New York, NY, USA: ACM. http://doi.org/10.1145/353171.353194

Riva, P., & Oliver, C. (2012). Evaluation of RDA as an Implementation of FRBR and FRAD. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 50(5-7), 564–586. http://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.680848

Silvello, G. (2015). A methodology for citing linked open data subsets. D-Lib Magazine, 21(1-2). http://doi.org/10.1045/january2015-silvello

Smalheiser, N. R., & Torvik, V. I. (2009). Author name disambiguation. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 43(1), 1–43. http://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2009.1440430113

Tallerås, K. (2013). From many records to one graph: heterogeneity conflicts in the linked data restructuring cycle. Information Research, 18(3). Retrieved from http://informationr.net/ir/18-3/colis/paperC18.html

Taniguchi, S. (2012). Viewing RDA from FRBR and FRAD: Does RDA Represent a Different Conceptual Model? Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 50(8), 929–943. http://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.712631

W3C. (2009). SKOS eXtension for Labels (SKOS-XL) Namespace Document - HTML Variant. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-skos-reference-20090818/skos-xl.html

W3C. (2014). RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax: W3C Recommendation. Retrieved from http://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-rdf11-concepts-20140225/

Yee, M. M. (2005). FRBRization: a Method for Turning Online Public Finding Lists into Online Public Catalogs. Information Technology and Libraries, 24(2), 77–95. http://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v24i2.3368

Downloads

Published

2016-06-30

How to Cite

Peponakis, M. (2016). In the Name of the Name: RDF literals, ER attributes and the potential to rethink the structures and visualizations of catalogs. Information Technology and Libraries, 35(2), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v35i2.8749

Issue

Section

Articles