2024-03-28T21:01:26Z
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/oai
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/2149
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
TURKEY & ISRAEL BRINKMANSHIP & THE GRAND STRATEGY OF THE ERDOGAN GOVERNMENT
Lombardi, Ben
Brinkmanship occurs when a state threatens to use force to pressure an adversary to offer concessions that it would otherwise be unwilling to make save under threat of war. As such, it is an intrinsically dangerous form of statecraft, for it depends upon very clear and easily comprehended signalling so that an opponent can both appreciate what is being demanded and the possible consequences of non-compliance. Brinkmanship also requires a very steady hand in its implementation for the potential for escalation is ever-present, and can be triggered by poor communications, unexpected mishaps, or misunderstandings by both the instigator and the object of its policy. Perhaps the best known example of this type of mailed fist diplomacy occurred during the Cuban Missile Crisis when the Kennedy Administration declared a blockade on Cuba and threatened to use force to maintain it. The crisis came to a close when Moscow withdrew its missiles from Cuba in return for private assurances that US missiles in Turkey would be dismantled. Before that happened, there were many moments of high tension as Soviet-flagged ships approached US naval vessels tasked to enforce the quarantine zone. The possibility of war was real even if, as we now know, neither leader wanted it to occur.
Boston College Libraries
2012-05-31
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2149
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2149
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012); 7-22
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2149/1792
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2149.g1792
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/2150
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
OF WARS AND WOES A CHRONICLE OF LEBANESE VIOLENCE
Nisan, Mordechai
In the subconscious of most Lebanese is the prevalent notion—and the common acceptance of it—that the Maronites are the “head” of the country. ‘Head’ carries here a double meaning: the conscious thinking faculty to animate and guide affairs, and the locus of power at the summit of political office. While this statement might seem outrageous to those unversed in the intricacies of Lebanese history and its recent political transformations, its veracity is confirmed by Lebanon’s spiritual mysteries, the political snarls and brinkmanship that have defined its modern existence, and the pluralistic ethno-religious tapestry that still dominates its demographic makeup.
Boston College Libraries
2012-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2150
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2150
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012); 32-48
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2150/1793
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2150.g1793
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/2151
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
HEZBOLLAH, THE ISLAMIC ASSOCIATION AND LEBANON'S CONFESSIONAL SYSTEM AL-INFITAH AND LEBANONIZATION
Rabil, Robert G.
This essay examines two Lebanese Islamist parties, Hezbollah and the Islamic Association, putting under scrutiny both their ideological transformations and the particular circumstances attendant to their later participation in Lebanon's confessional political system. The article explores the ideological and political motives behind these parties' infitah (opening up) and lebanonization orientations, as expressed in their religious-political ideologies, political programs, and policies and visions in relation to Lebanon's confessional system. At the same time, this study probes the plausibility of the claim that Hezbollah’s relatively recent integration into the state may have been a venue for it to shed its Jihadi character and transition into a conventional political party.
Boston College Libraries
2012-05-31
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2151
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2151
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012); 49-67
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2151/1794
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2151.g1794
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/2154
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:EDC
FROM THE EDITORS
Salameh, Franck
A peer-reviewed electronic journal, The Levantine Review publishes scholarship (in English, French, Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish, Syriac, and Levantine vernaculars) on the history, cultures, religions, politics, and the intellectual, philological, and literary traditions of the contemporary Levant and Near East.
Boston College Libraries
2012-05-31
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2154
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2154
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012); 1-6
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2154/1796
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2154.g1796
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/2155
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
MARGINAL LINGUISTIC SYSTEMS (ANIMAL CALLS, CHILD-DIRECTED LANGUAGE) AND POLITICAL FOLKLORE IN LEBANON: TWO CASE STUDIES
Płonka, Arkadiusz
This paper takes a sociolinguistic approach to the analysis of the informal usage of two words common in modern Lebanese political discourse; ħarf at-tanbīh (the warning interjection) “hā,” used in Arabic inter alia in calls to animals, and the hypocoristic forename “Roro,” borrowed from the French. The paper also demonstrates how these lexical characteristics of the Lebanese dialect reveal similarities to what Ferguson termed marginal systems within languages. The paper is supplemented by graphical representations and other extra-linguistic data.
Boston College Libraries
2012-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2155
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2155
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012); 23-31
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2155/1801
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2155.g1801
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/2157
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
FACEBOOK WRITTEN LEVANTINE VERNACULAR LANGUAGES
Abu Elhij'a, Dua'a
Over the last fifteen years, in every Arabic-speaking country, young Arabic speakers have begun to write their spoken language in electronic media, such as Facebook, MSN Messenger, and so on. The new way of writing in social media is a radical deviation from the traditional norm of writing the classical language—as well as what is commonly referred to as Modern Standard Arabic. This study is presenting this phenomenon in the Levant— Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel/Palestine.
Boston College Libraries
2012-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2157
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2157
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012); 68-105
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2157/1799
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2157.g1799
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/2158
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:REV
ISRAEL: FINDING THE LEVANT WITHIN THE MEDITERRANEAN
Harris, Rachel S.
Reviews of:Alexandra Nocke. The Place of the Mediterranean in Modern Israeli Identity. Brill 2010, Cloth $70. ISBN 9789004173248 Amy Horowitz. Mediterranean Israeli Music and the Politics of the Aesthetic. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 2010. Paper $29.95. ISBN 9780814334652. Karen Grumberg. Place and Ideology in Contemporary Hebrew Literature. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2011. Cloth $39.95. ISBN 9780815632597.
Boston College Libraries
2012-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2158
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2158
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012); 106-117
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2158/1800
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2158.g1800
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/2159
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:REV
RELIGION, NATIONAL IDENTITY, AND CONFESSIONAL POLITICS IN LEBANON; THE CHALLENGE OF ISLAMISM.
Salameh, Franck
Review of:Religion, National Identity, and Confessional Politics in Lebanon; The Challenge of Islamism. By Robert G. Rabil. Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, 213 pp. $85.00
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2159
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2159
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2012); 118-119
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/2159/1802
10.6017/lev.v1i1.2159.g1802
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/3036
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:ART
THE LEVANT: ZONE OF CULTURE OR CONFLICT?
El-Youssef, Samir
Palestinian novelist Samir El-Youssef writes that the question in the title of this essay, “is the Levant a zone of conflict or culture?” is an ironic one indeed. Anyone with a token knowledge of the Levant, argues El-Youssef, knows that these lands are of both conflict and culture; the problem dwells in the fact that the people of the Levant need to be reminded that theirs is a land of great culture that deserves recognition and valorization as such. The author was born and brought up in Rashidiyyé—a Palestinian refugee camp in Southern Lebanon. Rashidiyyé, writes El-Youssef, was and still is as bad as a refugee camp could get. Yet, a mere fifteen minutes walk from the camp stood the ancient Phoenician port-city of Tyr; a harbour town housing the awesome vestiges of one of the greatest, most pacifist, most benevolent builders of civilization. El-Youssef concludes that "the refugee camp (in its indigence,) and the ancient city (in all its glory,) standing side by side, are a stark example of the Levant being both a land of conflict and culture."
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3036
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3036
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012); 200-204
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3036/2655
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3036.g2655
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/3048
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
LEBANON’S NATIONAL IDENTITY: WALKING BETWEEN RAINDROPS?
Stewart, Hannah
As the Levant continues to roil in upheaval in this second decade of the twenty-first century, Lebanon, a state notorious for its history of communal dissensions, remains remarkably stable, advancing a splendid model--albeit an uneasy model--of inter-communal coexistence. Lebanon’s history as a refuge for persecuted minorities and an entrepôt of international trade, in some ways, fostered a unique culture of openness and tolerance making it an “oddity” in its neighbourhood, and contributing to the formation of what can be termed a “distinct Lebanese identity.” A glance at Lebanon’s languages, traditions, history, and culture of power-sharing, suggests that despite periods of violence, patterns of coexistence among Lebanon’s various groups have developed organically, and often logically, since the French Mandate period, and can perhaps offer a model for emulation in a Levant of fractious ethnic mosaics.
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3048
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3048
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012); 153-180
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3048/2667
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3048.g2667
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/3049
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
LOOKING AT ALAWITES
Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad
This paper aims to provide some original discussion on the traditional Alawite religion, looking at current historical narratives of the Alawites during the French Mandate period in what in 1936 became the Syrian Republic. The paper also considers conceptions of identity in the modern era and perceptions of the Syrian civil war a Sunni-Shi’a conflict. Finally, it examines the position of Alawites in the current civil war in Syria, and discusses future options for the community.
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3049
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3049
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012); 181-199
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3049/2668
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3049.g2668
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/3050
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
ON THE HORNS OF A DILEMMA: INTELLECTUALS BETWEEN THE REGIME AND THE PEOPLE AS REFLECTED IN IRAQI COMMUNIST LITERATURE
Peled-Shapira, Hilla
This paper deals with the way in which Communist writers in mid-twentieth-century Iraq used literature in order to, on the one hand express their tense relationship with the regime during times of severe political repression, and on the other hand sharply criticize the Iraqi people themselves for not taking responsibility for or caring about their fate—or, for that matter, for failing to internalize the social class discourse to which the Communists aspired. The paper’s objective is to examine the connection between the writers’ ideology and the rhetorical and conceptual elements with which they expressed their dissatisfaction with the regime, the way Iraqi society was run, and the desires of both—intellectuals and society at large—to undergo change. In addition, this study will survey the esthetic and stylistic devices, which the writers under consideration chose, and consider both the meanings and motives behind their choices. These aspects will be examined in the framework of a proposed model of “circles of criticism.”
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3050
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3050
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012); 140-152
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3050/2669
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3050.g2669
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/3051
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
THE SPRING OF THE NETWORKED NATIONS: SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE ARAB SPRING
Chorev, Harel
This essay argues that social media played an important role in the Arab Spring and contributed to a change in the political culture of some of those countries that have gone through regime-change through 2011-2012. The article further posits that the contribution of social media was mainly instrumental, not causal, and that the main reasons behind the Arab Spring were problems generated by regional, local and global trends, affecting each country differently.
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3051
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3051
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012); 120-139
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3051/2670
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3051.g2670
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/3052
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:ART
KENIZÉ MOURAD AND EARLY MIDDLE EASTERN FEMINISM
Armianu, Irina
This article explores the waning days of the Ottoman Empire and emergence of the modern state system in the early twentieth century Levant from the purview of Kenizé Mourad's self-narrative Regards from the Dead Princess: Novel of a Life. A work of history and literary fiction, Mourad's novel is an account of the last remnants of a secular Levantine culture, the story of a crumbling empire, and the personal tale of a young woman and her exiled imperial family strewn about the continents, torn between Lebanon, Europe, and the Indian subcontinent.
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3052
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3052
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012); 205-215
2164-6678
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3052/2671
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3052.g2671
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/3090
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:REV
SHARING SACRED SPACES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: CHRISTIANS, MUSLIMS, AND JEWS AT SHRINES AND SANCTUARIES.
Gourlay, William
Review of:Sharing Sacred Spaces in the Mediterranean: Christians, Muslims and Jews at Shrines and Sanctuaries. By Dionigi Albera and Maria Couroucli (editors), Indiana University Press, 2012, Cloth, 288 pp. $70.00 ISBN 9780253356338
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-12
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3090
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3090
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012); 216-222
2164-6678
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3090/2709
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3090.g2709
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/3249
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:REV
LEBANON, IDENTITY, DISLOCATION, AND MEMORY
Salameh, Franck
Review of:Dalia Abdelhady, The Lebanese Diaspora; The Arab Immigrant Experience in Montreal, New York, and Paris (New York and London: New York University Press, 2011), pp. 198, paperback, ISBN 978-0-8147-0734-0 Craig Larkin, Memory and Conflict in Lebanon: Remembering and Forgetting the past. (New York and London, Routledge: Taylor&Francis Group, 2012), pp. 226, hardcover, ISBN 978-0-415-58779-2
Boston College Libraries
2012-12-10
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3249
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3249
The Levantine Review; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012); 223-238
2164-6678
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/3249/2862
10.6017/lev.v1i2.3249.g2862
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5077
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:EDC
FROM THE EDITORS
Salameh, Franck
We are pleased to put before you this second volume of The Levantine Review; Boston College's flagship Middle East Studies journal, published by the Department of Slavic and Eastern Languages and Literatures, and in conjuncion with the Boston College Libraries.
Boston College Libraries
2013-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5077
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5077
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013)
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5077/4547
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5077.g4547
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5079
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:ART
ARABIC-KARSHUNI: AN ATTEMPT TO PRESERVE MARONITE IDENTITY; THE CASE OF ALEPPO
Del Rio Sánchez, Francisco
This paper investigates the reasons behind Middle Eastern Syriac Christian communities - particulary the Maronites' - use of the Syriac script when writing Arabic; a phenomenon known as Karshuni.
Boston College Libraries
2013-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5079
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5079
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013); 3-11
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5079/4555
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5079.g4555
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5080
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:ART
SOME METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF THE HISTORIC AND CURRENT ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN CHRISTIAN AND MUSLIM COMMUNITIES
DeVille, Adam A.J.
Drawing on, but expanding and altering mutatis mutandis some principles enunciated by the greatest Byzantine liturgical historian writing today, Robert F. Taft (emeritus of the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome), this paper will propose some methodological considerations for the study of the encounters and relations between Eastern Christian and Muslim communities from the seventh century to the present day.
Boston College Libraries
2013-05-31
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5080
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5080
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013); 12-26
2164-6678
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5080/4549
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5080.g4549
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5081
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:ART
ARAB DI-NATIONALISM
Mabry, Tristan
This paper presents a new conception of "Arab nationalism", which conventionally means pan-Arab nationalism and defines an Arab as an "Arabic speaker". Yet the term "Arabic" is elusive, as is the generic "Arabic speaker"...
Boston College Libraries
2013-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5081
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5081
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013); 27-53
2164-6678
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5081/4550
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5081.g4550
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5082
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:ART
FATHI YAKAN THE PIONEER OF ISLAMIC ACTIVISM IN LEBANON
Rabil, Robert G.
This article explores the ideology of Fathi Yakan, the pioneer of Sunni Islamism in Lebanon and a principal founder of the Islamist party al-‐Jama'a al-‐Islamiya. It also traces the establishment of al_Jama'a as the first organized Islamist party in Lebanon. As Secretary General of al-‐Jama'a, Fathi Yakan blazed the ideological trail for Islamism's participation in Lebanon's political realm. Significantly, Yakan's political activism, in much the same vein as that of Druze "Socialist" Kamal Jumblat, was also more about removing Maronite hegemony over the state.
Boston College Libraries
2013-05-31
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5082
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5082
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013); 54-65
2164-6678
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5082/4551
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5082.g4551
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5083
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:ART
JEWISH-ARAB RELATIONS THROUGH THE LENSE OF ISRAELI CINEMA; THEN AND NOW
Shepkaru, Shmuel
Israeli cinema has presented different aspects of the relationship between Israeli Jews and Arabs. These aspects encompass topics such as personal friendships and conflicts, homosexual and heterosexual affairs, gender issues, politics and wars, and questions of identity. This article focuses on the presentations of the relationships between Jews and Arabs and their desire for normalization and peace.
Boston College Libraries
2013-05-31
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5083
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5083
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013); 66-83
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5083/4552
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5083.g4552
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5084
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:ART
MUHAMMAD AND THE JEWS ACCORDING TO IBN ISHAQ
Spoerl, Joseph
This paper examines the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in the Muslim world, shedding light on one component of the Islamic tradition, namely, the earliest extant biography of the Prophet Muhammad, the Sirat Rasul Allah, or The Life of the Prophet of God by Ibn Ishaq (d.767 CE.)
Boston College Libraries
2013-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5084
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5084
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013); 84-103
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5084/4553
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5084.g4553
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5085
2017-05-31T18:25:14Z
levantine:REV
LEBANON AFTER THE CEDAR REVOLUTION/ARE KNUDSEN AND MICHAEL KERR (eds); LEBANON: A HISTORY, 600--2011/by WILLIAM HARRIS
Salameh, Franck
LEBANON AFTER THE CEDAR REVOLUTION, ARE KNUDSEN AND MICHAEL KERR (eds); London: C. Hurst & Company, 2012. 323 pp. $29.95.LEBANON: A HISTORY, 600--2011, WILLIAM HARRIS; Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 360 pp. $34.95.
Boston College Libraries
2013-05-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5085
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5085
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013); 104-107
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5085/4554
10.6017/lev.v2i1.5085.g4554
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5359
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
THE CURRENT SYRIAN POPULAR VIEW OF THE JEWS
Álvarez Suárez, Alejandra
Del Río Sánchez, Francisco
The remaining small Jewish communities of Syria run the risk of disappearing completely due to the marginalization suffered as a consequence of the political situation since 1948. The Eli Cohen affair (1965,) the Six-Day War (1967,) and the Yom Kippur War (1973) made the Baathist authorities of the country consider definitively the Syrian Jews as suspected Zionists or Zionist sympathizers. Nevertheless, in Syrian popular perceptions, the view of the Jews and Judaism did not always coincide with the ideology and propaganda emanating from the regime. In fact it is very interesting to note how good memories of times past, about an erstwhile coexistence with members of the Jewish community, still survive among many Syrians, both Muslims and Christians, belonging to the so-called “urban middle class.” This paper evaluates some examples, in the forms of anecdotes, popular sayings and proverbs, dealing with the Jews, and popularized in Syrian colloquialisms, in order to reveal some of the popular views of Judaism and Jews within Syrian society.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5359
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5359
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 108-118
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5359/4818
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5359.g4818
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5360
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
THE JASMINE REVOLUTION BETWEEN SECULARISM AND ISLAMIC FUNDAMENTALISM; THE CASE OF TUNISIA AND THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT
Hechiche, Abdelwahab
The central impetus of this paper is the “un-Tunisian-like” hostile slogans emitted in early 2012 in honor of Hamas leader Ismail Hanya, during his official visit to Tunisia at that time. The slogans in question, among them “Kill the Jews!” were protested by many Tunisians, and were widely denounced as an insult to the Jews of the world, but more importantly perhaps, they were decried as affront to Tunisia’s own Jewish children. Upon his historic return from exile and from jail, one of Bourguiba’s first acts was to visit the poor Jewish quarter of “Hafsya,” a gesture that reminded us of the Bey of Tunis, and the King of Morocco, both of whom, courageously, during WWII, declared their total and unconditional commitment to the defense and protection of their Jewish subjects. Integrating its tolerant “Mediterranean” past, and charting a post-Jasmine Revolution future is one of the major challenges facing the Tunisia of today.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5360
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5360
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 119-137
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5360/4831
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5360.g4831
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5361
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
IDENTITY AND CULTURE OF ISRAELI CHRISTIANS IN THE FACE OF ISLAMIC RESURGENCE; CULTURAL DISTINCTIVENESS OF A MINORITY WITHIN A MINORITY
Farah, Rima
This paper examines how Israeli Christians perceive their cultural position between Jewish and Muslim identities in Israel. The study primarily relates to the cultural differences between Christians and Muslims, and to the relations between them in mixed villages and towns. It focuses on how the sense of identity and the cultural aspects, combined with the rise of the Islamic identity and the change of Arab society’s structure has affected the peaceful coexistence between Christians and Muslims. Lastly, the research addresses the 1999 Christian-Muslim riots (Shihab al-Din Events) in Nazareth over plans to construct a Mosque in front of the Church of Annunciation.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5361
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5361
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 138-158
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5361/4830
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5361.g4830
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5362
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
JIHAD AND JUST WAR
Spoerl, Joseph
This paper attempts to demonstrate that the differences between the Western and Islamic traditions on the ethics of warfare run far deeper than what traditional scholarship suggests. The present study focuses on three main areas: the sources of our knowledge of morality, the objectives of warfare, and the principle of non-combatant immunity. We shall see that these three topics are inter-connected, and also that understanding the classical Islamic law of war is essential to understanding the ideology and allure of contemporary Islamism.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5362
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5362
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 159-187
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5362/4821
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5362.g4821
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5363
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
LEBANESE ARMENIANS; A DISTINCTIVE COMMUNITY IN THE ARMENIAN DIASPORA AND IN LEBANESE SOCIETY
Abramson, Scott
Lebanon, for many Armenians, is referred to as “our second homeland” (yergort hayrenik), and it is scarcely difficult to see why. As nowhere else in the regional diaspora, Lebanon has offered its Armenian citizens—initially refugees—the economic freedom to achieve prosperity, the political freedom to pursue their interests, and the communal autonomy to preserve their identity. These freedoms and the efflorescence that they have enabled—to say nothing of Lebanon’s singularity as the scene of unique Armenian ecclesiastical and cultural institutions—have made Lebanon a distinctive part of the Armenian diaspora. This study aims to demonstrate why this was—and continues to be—the case.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5363
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5363
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 188-216
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5363/4822
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5363.g4822
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5364
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:REV
A HIGH PRICE: THE TRIUMPS AND FAILURES OF ISRAELI COUNTERTERRORISM
Wege, Carl A.
Book reviewed: A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism / by Daniel Byman (Oxford University Press, 2011,) 496 pp.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-15
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5364
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5364
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 217-218
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5364/4832
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5364.g4832
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5372
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:REV
BETWEEN TERROR AND TOLERANCE
Cohen-Almagor, Raphael
Book Reviewed: Between Terror and Tolerance / Timothy D. Sisk (ed.) (Georgetown University Press, 2011,) 270 pp.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5372
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5372
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 219-221
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5372/4833
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5372.g4833
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5373
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:REV
THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND THE MAKING OF GLOBAL RADICALISM, 1860-1914
Khuri-Makdisi, Ilham
The Eastern Mediterranean and the Making of Global Radicalism, 1860-1914 / Ilham Khuri-Makdisi, (University of California Press, 2010,) 279 pp.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5373
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5373
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 222-223
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5373/4834
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5373.g4834
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/5374
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:REV
A HISTORY OF THE MIDDLE EAST: FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE PRESENT DAY
Di Liberto, Nicholas
Book Reviewed: A History of the Middle East: From Antiquity to the Present Day / Georges Corm, Translated by Hala Khawam, (Garnet Publishing Ltd., 2010,) 229 pp.
Boston College Libraries
2013-12-31
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5374
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5374
The Levantine Review; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013); 224-226
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/5374/4835
10.6017/lev.v2i2.5374.g4835
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/8716
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:EDC
FROM THE EDITOR
Salameh, Franck
Boston College Libraries
2015-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8716
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8716
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 1-7
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8716/7859
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8716.g7859
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/8717
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
NAJI ATTALLAH’S CREW: STEREOTYPES OF JEWS, ARABS, AND AMERICANS IN EGYPT’S MOST-‐WATCHED RAMADAN 2012 SOAP OPERA
Martin, Amaya
In addition to its strict fasting regiments, observed by practicing Muslims, the month of Ramadan has become known for its high viewership of serialized television programs throughout the Arabic-speaking world. During Ramadan - a month during which millions partake of festive fast breaking (Iftaar) gatherings after sundown - competition among television stations pull all the stops to attract the largest audiences possible, often by offering compelling seasonal soap operas featuring major local and pan-Arab actors.
Boston College Libraries
2015-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8717
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8717
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 8-22
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8717/7848
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8717.g7848
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/8718
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
ISLAM AND THE NATURAL LAW
Brown, Montague
Boston College Libraries
2015-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8718
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8718
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 23-42
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8718/7837
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8718.g7837
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/8719
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
TOLERANCE AND COERCION IN THE SIRA OF IBN ISHAQ
Spoerl, Joseph S.
Boston College Libraries
2015-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8719
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8719
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 43-66
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8719/7846
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8719.g7846
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/8720
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
USING FICTION AS A VEHICLE FOR POPULARIZING HISTORY: JURJY ZAIDAN’S HISTORICAL NOVELS
Bahkou, Abjar
Jurji Zaydan was born in Beirut, Lebanon on Dec. 14, 1861, into a Greek Orthodox family. Many of his works focused on the Arab Awakening. The journal that he founded, al-Hilal, is still published today. His writings have been translated from Arabic into Persian, Turkish and Urdu as well as English, French and German. By the time he died unexpectedly in Cairo on July 21, 1914, at the age of fifty three, he had already established himself, in a little over twenty years, as one of the most prolific and influential thinkers and writers of the Arab Nahda (Awakening), but also as an educator and intellectual innovator, whose education was not based on traditional or religious learning. Philip Thomas called Zaydan, “the archetypical member of the Arab Nahda at the end of nineteenth century.” Zaydan transformed his society by helping build the Arab media, but he was also an important literary figure, a pioneer of the Arabic novel, and a historian of Islamic civilization. Zaydan was an intellectual who proposed new world view, a new social order, and new political power. Zaydan was the author of twenty-two historical novels covering the entirety of Arab/Islamic history. In these novels Zaydan did not attempt to deal with the history in chronological order, nor did he cover the whole of Islamic history; rather, his purpose was to popularize Islamic history through the medium of fiction. This paper will offer a brief analytical outline of Zaydan’s historical novels and how his critics viewed them.
Boston College Libraries
2015-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8720
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8720
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 67-85
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8720/7839
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8720.g7839
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/8721
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
HEBREW AND ARAMAIC ELEMENTS IN THE ISRAELI VERNACULAR CHRISTIAN-‐ARABIC AND IN THE WRITTEN CHRISTIAN ARABIC OF PALESTINE, SYRIA, AND LEBANON
Bassal, Ibrahim
This essay examines the Hebrew and Aramaic residues in the Arabic vernacular spoken by Israeli Christians and the written Arabic of Christians in the Holy Land, Syria, and Lebanon. The corpus of the spoken Christian-Arabic under consideration here is based on cassette recordings of elderlies who live in Christian villages in northern Israel - namely in Fassuta, Me’ilya, Tarshiha, Bqe’a, Jiish, Kufir Yasif, Ekreth, Bir’im, Ibilleen and Shfa’amir.The corpus of the written Christian-Arabic being reviewed is based mainly on folk tales, poems, proverbs, dictionaries, Bible translations, books of interpretations, and liturgical sources.
Boston College Libraries
2015-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8721
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8721
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 86-116
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8721/7840
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8721.g7840
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/8722
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND THE ALHAMBRA: TWO DIFFERING PERSPECTIVES
Najjaj, April L.
Boston College Libraries
2015-05-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8722
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8722
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 117-129
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8722/7847
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8722.g7847
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/8724
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:REV
SALAFISM IN LEBANON; FROM APOLITICISM TO TRANSNATIONAL JIHADISM / BY ROBERT G. RABIL; WASHINGTON DC: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY PRESS, 2014. 272 pp.
Salameh, Franck
Boston College Libraries
2015-01-01
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8724
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8724
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 130-133
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/8724/7843
10.6017/lev.v4i1.8724.g7843
Copyright (c) 2015 The Levantine Review
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/9158
2017-05-31T18:25:26Z
levantine:ART
Identity and Peoples in History Speculating on Ancient Mediterranean Mysteries
Nisan, Mordechai
Boston College Libraries
2016-01-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9158
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9158
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015); 134-156
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9158/8253
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9158.g8253
Copyright (c) 2016 The Levantine Review
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/9159
2017-05-31T18:25:27Z
levantine:ART
Turkmenistan and the Middle East
Bishku, Michael B.
Turkmenistan is a weak country militarily, but well-endowed with natural gas reserves. While the latter also insulates it somewhat from international criticism of its human rights abuses, unfortunately, Turkmenistan is landlocked and dependent upon the goodwill of its neighbors in order to export that commodity. Additionally, Turkmenistan is in need of technological assistance. Given its relatively homogenous population and its hydrocarbon wealth it has adopted a policy of subsidizing certain necessities—though it underfunds other—and is fairly stable internally. Nevertheless, it is ruled under an autocratic political system, suffers massive corruption, and has to contend with fears of instability on its borders. Therefore, Turkmenistan has adopted a policy of permanent neutrality and is open to cooperation with all its neighbors as well as the big powers. The countries of the Middle East as both immediate and nearby neighbors play an important part in the international relations of Turkmenistan and in providing technological assistance and economic investments. This article, which reviews and analyzes those ties, utilizes government documents, academic works and newspapers from Turkmenistan and Middle Eastern countries.
Boston College Libraries
2016-01-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9159
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9159
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015); 157-176
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9159/8246
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9159.g8246
Copyright (c) 2016 The Levantine Review
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/9160
2017-05-31T18:25:27Z
levantine:ART
Sectarian Identities, Narratives and Political Conflict in Baghdad
al‐Qarawee, Harith Hasan
This article addresses some of the effects of political transformations and conflicts on the identity of the Iraqi capital, Baghdad. It illustrates the gradual “Islamization” of space by Saddam Hussein’s regime, which reflected a sectarian bias as it denied Shi’a religious identity the level of visibility given to Sunni religious identity. After the fall of the regime, there was an upsurge in Shi’a symbolism and rituals in Baghdad, which further de-secularized and sectarianized the public space. The article also addresses some of the cultural consequences for the sectarian segregation in Baghdad, especially by looking into the mosques and worship places, their sectarian distribution and the contesting claims regarding some of them. The rise of sub-national cultures and the competition between Shi’as and Sunnis have further fragmented Baghdad’s identity and downgraded the cross-sectarian representations. This has been mirrored in the conflict of narratives about the city which is discussed in the last part of this article.
Boston College Libraries
2016-01-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9160
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9160
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015); 177-200
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9160/8247
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9160.g8247
Copyright (c) 2016 The Levantine Review
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/9161
2017-05-31T18:25:27Z
levantine:ART
Turkey’s Hybrid Competitive Authoritarian Regime; A Genuine Product of Anatolia’s Middle Class
Stelgias, Nikolaos
Few years since the 9/11 Attacks in New York and following its rise to power, the AKP has gradually established a so-called “competitive authoritarian regime,” in order to consolidate and secure its political power. This regime is hybrid and it is based on liberal principles (absence of tutelary authorities, protection of civil liberties, universal suffrage, free elections etc.). The AKP also provides for a reasonably fair level of political competition between the party in power (government) and the opposition. At the same time, however, the system shows some undemocratic features (violation of civil liberties, unfair elections, and uneven political competition.) This hybrid regime is based on three pillars: the state, the party and a newly emerged middle class in Anatolia. Through this hybrid regime Anatolia’s newly emerged middle class redefines its cultural and socio-economic relations.
Boston College Libraries
2016-01-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9161
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9161
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015); 201-216
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9161/8248
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9161.g8248
Copyright (c) 2016 The Levantine Review
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/9162
2017-05-31T18:25:27Z
levantine:ART
Jihad in Memory and History
Hechiche, Abdelwahab
Boston College Libraries
2016-01-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9162
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9162
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2015); 217-253
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9162/8249
10.6017/lev.v4i2.9162.g8249
Copyright (c) 2016 The Levantine Review
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
oai:ejournals.bc.edu:article/9336
2017-05-31T18:25:13Z
levantine:CORR
Marginal Linguistic Systems (Animal Calls, Child-Directed Language) and Political Folklore in Lebanon. Two Case Studies
Plonka, Arkadiusz
Boston College Libraries
2015-05-05
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
application/pdf
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9336
10.6017/lev.v4i1.9336
The Levantine Review; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2015); 254-264
2164-6678
eng
https://ejournals.bc.edu/index.php/levantine/article/view/9336/8365
10.6017/lev.v4i1.9336.g8365
Copyright (c) 2016 The Levantine Review
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0