Human Trafficking in a Globalized World

A Modern Form of Slavery

Abstract

This paper explores the complex relationship between globalization and human trafficking, framing the latter as a modern form of slavery sustained by global economic systems. As globalization increases the movement of goods, services, and people, it also creates vulnerabilities that traffickers exploit—particularly among immigrant populations and marginalized communities. The paper outlines the historical development of human trafficking, notably through the adoption of the Palermo Protocol, and examines its presence in multiple industries, including sex work, agriculture, and mining. Using data from international organizations and firsthand survivor accounts, the research highlights how economic inequality, migration pressures, and unregulated supply chains enable exploitation. The paradox of globalization is emphasized: while it promotes economic development, it simultaneously facilitates illicit labor practices. This paper concludes by recommending systemic reforms such as stronger international collaboration, corporate accountability, legal protections, and survivor-centered support as key strategies in the global fight against trafficking.