Tunisian Exceptionalism Or Constitutional Timing: A Comparison Of Democratic Transitions In The Middle East

Authors

  • Max Blaisdell Boston College

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6017/eurj.v12i2.9354

Keywords:

political science, Arab Spring, Middle East, democratic transition

Abstract

Abstract: The protest movements of the Arab Spring prompted a major reevaluation amongst policymakers and academics alike about authoritarian regime stability in the Middle East. Counter to the euphoria that greeted the protests, continued instability, sectarianism, and extreme violence in several Middle Eastern states have sparked concerns that the dictators who ruled before may have been the better of two bad options. These concerns detract from the significant political transformation that Tunisia has undergone, from one of the most repressive dictatorships in the region to its sole genuine democracy. While Tunisia’s successful democratic transition looks like an anomaly in its current regional environment, Egypt did achieve a significant historic milestone when it elected President Morsi in free and fair elections. However his tenure did not last long, and Egypt’s broader failure to democratize prompts questions as to how democratic transitions succeed after dictatorships. By comparing the democratic transition processes in Tunisia and in Egypt, we can begin to elucidate the causes of the different outcomes of the protests in these two similar states. New political actors and certain ancien régime institutions played critical roles in ousting the dictators, but the timeline of whether democratic elections took place before or after new constitutions were adopted, was paramount in determining the success of the democratic transition. This is because constitutional timing structured whether the country’s political design would be determined by dialogue and deliberation or ad-hoc by the political actor with the greatest popularity.   

Author Biography

Max Blaisdell, Boston College

Max graduated in the spring of 2016 and is now working in San Francisco as a paralegal for Leiff Cabraser Heimann & Bernstein. He graduated cum laude with a major in International Studies and minors in Math and Political Science. Max worked as an undergraduate research assistant at the Boisi Center for Religion and American Public Life while at Boston College. His interests include comparative democratic transitions, the political philosophy of liberalism, and issues with integration in Europe. Max plans to continue his studies in graduate school and go on to pursue a career in academia.

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Published

2016-11-13

How to Cite

Blaisdell, M. (2016). Tunisian Exceptionalism Or Constitutional Timing: A Comparison Of Democratic Transitions In The Middle East. Elements, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.6017/eurj.v12i2.9354

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Section

Articles