Perceived Quality of Reference Service with WhatsApp

A Quantitative Study from User Perspectives

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v41i3.14325

Keywords:

WhatsApp, chat reference, online reference, instant messaging

Abstract

Academic libraries are experiencing significant changes and making efforts to deliver their service in the digital environment. Libraries are transforming from being places for reading to extensions of the classroom and learning spaces. Due to the globalized digital environment and intense competition, libraries are trying to improve their service quality through various evaluations. As reference service is crucial to users, this study explores user satisfaction towards the reference service through WhatsApp, a social media instant messenger, at a major university in Hong Kong and discusses the correlation between the satisfaction rating and three variables. Suggestions and recommendations are raised for future improvements. The study also sheds light on the usage of reference services through instant messaging in other academic libraries.

References

Adebowale Japhet Aina, Yemisi Tomilola Babalola, and Adebambo Adewale Oduwole, “Use of Web 2.0 Tools and Services by the Library Professionals in Lagos State Tertiary Institution Libraries: A Study,” World Digital Libraries – An International Journal 12, no.1 (2019): 1–17, https://content.iospress.com/articles/world-digital-libraries-an-international-journal/wdl12101.

Anabel Quan–Haase, “Instant Messaging on Campus: Use and Integration in University Students' Everyday Communication,” The Information Society 24, no. 2 (2008): 105–15, https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240701883955.

Andrew Chean Yang Yew, Dickson K. W. Chiu, Yuriko Nakamura, and King Kwan Li, “A Quantitative Review of LIS Programs Accredited by ALA and CILIP under Contemporary Technology Advancement,” Library Hi Tech, (2022), ahead of print, https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-12-2021-0442.

Angel Lok Yi Tsang and Dickson K. W. Chiu, “Effectiveness of Virtual Reference Services in Academic Libraries: A Qualitative Study Based on the 5E Learning Model,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 48, no. 4 (2022): 102533.

Apple Hiu Ching Lam, Kevin K. W. Ho, and Dickson K. W. Chiu, “Instagram for Student Learning and Library Promotions? A Quantitative Study using the 5E Instructional Model,” Aslib Journal of Information Management, (2022), in press, https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-12-2021-0389.

Charlotte Clements, “Implementing Instant Messaging in Four University Libraries,” Library Hi Tech 27, no. 3 (2009): 393–402, https://doi.org/10.1108/07378830910988522.

Chun-wai Tsui, “A Study on Service Quality Gap in Remote Service Delivery with Mobile Devices among Academic Libraries in Hong Kong,” (master’s thesis, The University of Hong Kong, 2015), https://doi.org/10.5353/th_b5611574.

Dessy Harisanty et al., “Leaders, Practitioners and Scientists’ Awareness of Artificial Intelligence in Libraries: A Pilot Study,” Library Hi Tech, (2022), ahead of print, https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-10-2021-0356.

“Digital 2022—Hong Kong,” We Are Social and Hootsuite, accessed April 30, 2022, https://wearesocial.com/hk/blog/2022/01/digital-2022/.

“Digital 2022: Global Overview Report,” We Are Social and Hootsuite, accessed April 30, 2022, https://wearesocial.com/hk/blog/2022/01/digital-2022/.

Ernest Tak Hei Lam, Cheuk Hang Au, and Dickson K. W. Chiu, “Analyzing the Use of Facebook among University Libraries in Hong Kong,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 45, no. 3 (2019): 175–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2019.02.007.

“Guidelines for Behavioral Performance of Reference and Information Service Providers,” American Library Association, June 2004, http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=Home&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=26937.

Gunnan Dong et al., “Relationships between Research Supervisors and Students from Coursework-Based Master’s Degrees: Information Usage under Social Media,” Information Discovery and Delivery 49, no. 4 (2021): 319–27, https://doi.org/10.1108/IDD-08-2020-0100.

Heather Howard, Sarah Huber, Lisa Carter, and Elizabeth Moore, “Academic Libraries on Social Media: Finding the Students and the Information They Want,” Information Technology and Libraries 37, no. 1 (2018): 8–18, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i1.10160.

James Friday, Oluchi Chidozie, and Lauretta Ngozi Chukwuma, “Social Media and Library Services: A Case of COVID-19 Pandemic Era,” International Journal of Research and Review 7, no. 10 (2020): 230–37, https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.7_Issue.10_Oct2020/Abstract_IJRR0031.html.

James Ogom Odu, and Emmanuel Ubi Omini, “Mobile Phone Applications and the Utilization of Library Services in the University of Calabar Library, Calabar, Nigeria,” Global Journal of Educational Research 16, no. 2 (2017): 111–19, https://doi.org/10.4314/gjedr.v16i2.5.

Jessica Kayongo, and Sherri Jones, “Faculty Perception of Information Control Using LibQUAL+™ Indicators,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 34, no. 2 (2008): 131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.12.002.

Jianhua Xu, Qi Kang, Zhiqiang Song, and Christopher Peter Clarke, “Applications of Mobile Social Media: WeChat among Academic Libraries in China,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 41, no. 1 (2015): 21–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2014.10.012.

Ka Po Lau, Dickson K. W. Chiu, Kevin K. W. Ho, Patrick Lo, and Eric W. K. See-To, “Educational Usage of Mobile Devices: Differences Between Postgraduate and Undergraduate Students,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 43, no. 3 (2017): 201–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2017.03.004.

Karen Hiu Tung Yip, Patrick Lo, Kevin K. W. Ho, and Dickson K. W. Chiu, “Adoption of Mobile Library Apps as Learning Tools in Higher Education: A Tale between Hong Kong and Japan,” Online Information Review 45, no. 2 (2020): 389–405, https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-07-2020-0287.

Kayongo and Jones, “Faculty Perception of Information Control,” 131.

Kayongo and Jones, “Faculty Perception of Information Control,” 131.

Ken Yiu Kwan Fan, Patrick Lo, Kevin K. W. Ho, Stuart So, Dickson K. W. Chiu, and Eddie H. T. Ko, “Exploring the Mobile Learning Needs amongst Performing Arts Students,” Information Discovery and Delivery 48, no. 2 (2020), 103–12, https://doi.org/10.1108/IDD-12-2019-0085.

Kirsti Nilsen, “The Library Visit Study: User Experiences at the Virtual Reference Desk,” Information Research 9, no. 2 (2004), paper 171, http://informationr.net/ir/9-2/paper171.html.

Kun Zhang and Peixin Lu, “What Are the Key Indicators for Evaluating the Service Satisfaction of WeChat Official Accounts in Chinese Academic Libraries?,” Library Hi Tech, (2022), ahead-of-print, https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-07-2021-0218.

Maggie Ka Yin Chan, Dickson K. W. Chiu, and Ernest Tak Hei Lam, “Effectiveness of Overnight Learning Commons: A Comparative Study,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 46, no. 6 (2020): 102253, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102253.

Marianne Foley, “Instant Messaging Reference in an Academic Library: A Case Study,” College & Research Libraries 63, no. 1 (2002): 36–45, https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.63.1.36.

“Measuring and Assessing Reference Services and Resources: A Guide,” Reference and User Services Association, accessed July 25, 2021, http://www.ala.org/rusa/sections/rss/rsssection/rsscomm/evaluationofref/measrefguide.

Mohd Shoaib Ansari and Aditya Tripathi, “Use of WhatsApp for Effective Delivery of Library and Information Services,” DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 37, no. 5 (2017): 360–65, https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.37.5.11090.

“Most Popular Global Mobile Messaging Apps 2021,” Statista Research Department, accessed July 26, 2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/258749/most-popular-global-mobile-messenger-apps/.

Nor Azilawati Mohd Azmi, A. Noorhidawati, and M. K. Yanti Idaya Aspura, “Librarians’ Behavioral Performance on Chat Reference Service in Academic Libraries: Perceived Importance vs Actual Practices,” Malaysian Journal of Library & Information Science 22, no. 3 (2017): 19–33, https://doi.org/10.22452/mjlis.vol22no3.2.

“Number of Monthly Active WhatsApp Users Worldwide 2013–2020,” Statista Research Department, accessed July 26, 2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/260819/number-of-monthly-active-whatsapp-users/.

P. Sankar and E. S. Kavitha, “Ask Librarian to Whatsapp Librarian: Reengineering of Traditional Library Services,” International Journal of Information Sources and Services 3, no. 2 (March–April 2016): 35–40, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Drkavitha-Es/publication/304466788_Ask_Librarian_to_Whatsapp_Librarian_Reengineering_of_Traditional_Library_Services/links/5770958c08ae10de639c0ca3/Ask-Librarian-to-Whatsapp-Librarian-Reengineering-of-Traditional-Library-Services.pdf.

Parker Fruehan and Diana Hellyar, “Expanding and Improving Our Library's Virtual Chat Service: Discovering Best Practices When Demand Increases,” Information Technology and Libraries 40, no. 3 (2021): 1–9, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i3.13117.

Pui Yik Yu, Ernest Tak Hei Lam, and Dickson K. W. Chiu, “Operation Management of Academic Libraries in Hong Kong under COVID-19,” Library Hi Tech, (2022), ahead of print, https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-10-2021-0342.

Rachael Kwai Fun Ip and Christian Wagner, “LibQual+® as a Predictor of Library Success: Extracting New Meaning through Structured Equation Modeling,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 46, no. 2 (2020): 102102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2019.102102.

Robert A. Peterson, “A Meta-analysis of Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha,” Journal of Consumer Research 21, no. 2 (1994): 381–91, https://doi.org/10.1086/209405.

Ruth Sara Connell, Lisa C. Wallis, and David Comeaux, “The Impact of COVID-19 on the Use of Academic Library Resources,” Information Technology and Libraries 40, no. 2 (2021): 1–20, https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v40i2.12629.

Samuel S. Green, “Personal Relations between Librarians and Readers,” Library Journal 1, no. 2 (1876): 74–81.

Selena Killick, Anne van Weerden, and Fransje van Weerden, “Using LibQUAL+® to Identify Commonalities in Customer Satisfaction: The Secret to Success?.” Performance Measurement and Metrics 15, no. 1/2 (2014), 23–31, https://doi.org/10.1108/PMM-04-2014-0012.

Spear Wing Sze Wong and Dickson K. W. Chiu, “Re-examining the Value of Remote Academic Library Storage in the Mobile Digital Age: A Comparative Study,” Portal 23, no. 1 (2023), in press.

Syeda Hina Batool, Ata ur Rehman, and Imran Sulehri, “The Current Situation of Information Literacy Education and Curriculum Design in Pakistan: A Discovery Using Delphi Method,” Library Hi Tech (2021): ahead of print, https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-02-2021-0056.

Tin Nok Leung, Dickson K. W. Chiu, Kevin K. W. Ho, and Canon K. L. Luk, “User Perceptions, Academic Library Usage and Social Capital: A Correlation Analysis under COVID-19 After Library Renovation,” Library Hi Tech 40, no. 2 (2021): 304–22, https://doi.org/10.1108/LHT-04-2021-0122.

Vanessa Hiu Ying Chan, Dickson K. W. Chiu, and Kevin K. W. Ho, “Mediating Effects on the Relationship between Perceived Service Quality and Public Library App Loyalty during the COVID-19 Era,” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 67 (2022): 102960, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.102960.

Wesley Wing Hong Cheng, Ernest Tak Hei Lam, and Dickson K. W. Chiu, “Social Media as a Platform in Academic Library Marketing: A Comparative Study,” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 46, no. 5 (2020): 102188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102188.

Y. Sudharani and K. Nagaraju, “WhatsApp Usage among the Students of SVU College of Engineering, Tirupathi,” Journal of Advances in Library and Information Science 5, no. 4 (2016): 325–29, https://jalis.in/pdf/5-4/Nagaraju.pdf.

Yifei Zhang, Patrick Lo, Stuart So, and Dickson K. W. Chiu, “Relating Library User Education to Business Students’ Information Needs and Learning Practices: A Comparative Study,” Reference Services Review 48, no. 4 (2020): 537–58, https://doi.org/10.1108/RSR-12-2019-0084.

“What is LibQUAL+®?,” LibQUAL+, accessed May 1, 2022, https://www.libqual.org/home.

Downloads

Published

2022-09-19

How to Cite

Guo, Y., Lam, A. H. C., Chiu, D. K. W., & Ho, K. K. W. (2022). Perceived Quality of Reference Service with WhatsApp: A Quantitative Study from User Perspectives. Information Technology and Libraries, 41(3). https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v41i3.14325

Issue

Section

Articles