Bibliographic Classification in the Digital Age: Current Trends & Future Directions

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v36i3.8930

Abstract

Bibliographic classification is among the core activities of Library & Information Science that brings order and proper management to the holdings of a library. Compared to printed media, digital collections present numerous challenges regarding their preservation, curation, organization and their resource discovery and access. In this regard true native perspective is needed to be adopted for bibliographic classification in digital environments. In this research article, we have investigated and reported different approaches to bibliographic classification of digital collections. The article also contributes two evaluation frameworks that evaluate different classification schemes and elaborate different approaches that exist in theory, in manual practice and automatically in digital environments. The article presents a bird-eye-view for researchers in reaching a generalized and holistic approach towards bibliographic classification research, where new research avenues have been identified. 

Author Biography

Shah Khusro, University of Peshawar

Dr. Shah Khusro is working as Professor of Computer Science and Head of Information and Web Semantics Research Group at the Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan. He has done his PhD from the Institute of Software Technology & Interactive Systems, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria under the supervision of Prof. Dr. A Min Tjoa. Earlier he did his M.Sc. from the Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar with a Gold Medal. He is a member of different academic bodies of several universities in the region. He has attended/organized several international conferences. He is working on some real world projects in eGovernance, Health, and for Blind and Elderly People. His research interests include Web Semantics, Web Engineering, Information Retrieval, Web Mining, Search Engines, Augmented Reality, Mobile based Systems for People with Special Needs, etc.

References

ACM. (2012). "The 2012 ACM Computing Classification System." from http://www.acm.org/about/class/2012.

Adedibu, L. O., E. O. Akinboro, et al. (2011). "Cataloguing and Classification of Library Resources in the 21st Century." Library and Information Science in Developing Countries: Contemporary Issues: Contemporary Issues: 313.

Aitchison, J. and S. D. Clarke (2004). "The thesaurus: a historical viewpoint, with a look to the future." Cataloging & classification quarterly 37(3-4): 5-21.

Albrechtsen, H. (2000). "Who wants yesterday's classifications? Information science perspectives on classification schemes in common information spaces."

Albrechtsen, H. and E. K. Jacob (1998). "The Dynamics of Classification Systems as Boundary Objects for Cooperation in the Electronic Library." Library trends 47(2): 293-312.

Association, T. B. C. (1998). "The Bliss Bibliographic Classification : history & description." 2013, from http://www.blissclassification.org.uk/bchist.shtml.

Beghtol, C. (1986). "Semantic validity: concepts of warrant in bibliographic classification systems." Library resources & technical services 30(2): 109-125.

Beghtol, C. (2008). "From the universe of knowledge to the universe of concepts: the structural revolution in classification for information retrieval." Axiomathes 18(2): 131-144.

Betts, T., M. Milosavljevic, et al. (2007). The utility of information extraction in the classification of books. Advances in Information Retrieval, Springer: 295-306.

Bontas, E. P. and M. Mochol (2005). Towards affreuse-oriented methodology for ontology engineering. Proc. of 7th International Conference on Terminology and Knowledge Engineering (TKE 2005), Citeseer.

Broughton, V. (2006). The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval. Aslib proceedings, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Broughton, V. and H. Lane (2000). "Classification schemes revisited: Applications to Web indexing and searching." Journal of internet cataloging 2(3-4): 143-155.

Campbell, D. G. (2002). "Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces in Bibliographic Classification Research." Advances in Classification Research Online 13(1): 8-15.

Cann, J. (1997). Principles of Classification

Suggestions for a procedure to be used by ICIS in developing international classification tables for the construction industry. International Conference on Information Systems ICIS. United Kinngdom: 11.

Center, O. O. C. L. (2011). "Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)." from http://datahub.io/dataset/dewey_decimal_classification.

CLIFF, P. (2008). JISC-REPOSITORIES: Subject Classification Thread Summary.

Congress, L. o. (2014). "LC Linked Data Service

Authorities and Vocabularies." from http://id.loc.gov/.

Congress, T. L. o. (2014). "The Library of Congress." from http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcc.html.

D'Arcus, B. and F. Giasson. (2009). "Bibliographic Ontology Specification." from http://bibliontology.com/specification.

Dousa, T. M. (2011). "Evolutionary Order in the Classification Theories of CA Cutter and EC Richardson: Its Nature and Limits." NASKO 2(1): 76-90.

Feinberg, M. (2011). "Beyond retrieval: A proposal to expand the design space of classification." NASKO 1(1): 31-43.

Ferrara, A. and S. Salini (2012). "Ten challenges in modeling bibliographic data for bibliometric analysis." Scientometrics 93(3): 765-785.

Giunchiglia, F., M. Marchese, et al. (2007). Encoding classifications into lightweight ontologies. Journal on data semantics VIII, Springer: 57-81.

Gnoli, C. (2012). Vickeryss late ideas on classification by phenomena and activities. Facets of Knowledge Organization: Proceedings of the ISKO UK Second Biennial Conference, 4th-5th July, 2011, London, Emerald Group Publishing.

Gruber, T. R. (1995). "Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing." Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 43(5-6): 907-928.

Guns, R. (2013). "The three dimensions of informetrics: a conceptual view." Journal of Documentation 69(2): 295-308.

Heath, T., C. Bizer, et al. (2011). "Linked data: evoluving the web into a global data space." J. Web Eng. 11(2): 177-178.

Hedden, H. "Taxonomies, Thesauri,

and Controlled Vocabularies." 2013, from http://www.hedden-information.com/taxonomies.htm.

Hjørland, B. (2007). "Bliss 1 and 2." from http://www.iva.dk/bh/lifeboat_ko/SPECIFIC%20SYSTEMS/bliss_1_and_2.htm.

Hjørland, B. (2008). "Core classification theory: a reply to Szostak." Journal of Documentation 64(3): 333-342.

Hjørland, B. (2008). "Integrative levels, theory of." 2013, from http://www.iva.dk/bh/Lifeboat_KO/CONCEPTS/integrative_levels.htm.

Hjørland, B. (2011). "Evidence‐based practice: An analysis based on the philosophy of science." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 62(7): 1301-1310.

Hjørland, B. (2011). "Forum: The Philosophy of Classification." KO KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 38(1): 9.

Hjørland, B. (2012). "Facet analysis: The logical approach to knowledge organization." Information Processing & Management.

Hjørland, B. (2012). "Is classification necessary after Google?" Journal of Documentation 68(3): 299-317.

Hjørland, B. (2013). Theories of knowledge organization—theories of knowledge. 13th Meeting of the German ISKO (International Society for Knowledge Organization). Germany.

Hjørland, B. and J. Nicolaisen (2004). "Scientific and Scholarly Classifications are not" Naïve": a Comment to Begthol (2003). Knowledge Organization, 31 (1), 55-61."

Hjørland, B. and J. Nicolaisen (2006) "Epistemologies as (normative) theories of information seeking and use."

IEEE. (2014). "IEEE Xplore Digital Library." 2014, from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/topicbrowse.jsp?topic=Aerospace&item=100%20-%20199.

Jacob, E. K. (2004). "Classification and categorization: a difference that makes a difference."

Jamdade, M., P. Jamdade, et al. (2012). "Library Classification And Its Development: A Study." Indian Streams Research Journal 2(8).

Jones, K. S. (1970). "Some thoughts on classification for retrieval." Journal of Documentation 26(2): 89-101.

Kaosar, A. (2008). "Merit & Demerit of using Universal Decimal Classification on the Internet."

Kim, J.-H. and K.-H. Lee (2002). "Designing a knowledge base for automatic book classification." The Electronic Library 20(6): 488-495.

Kunder, M. d. (2014). "The size of the World Wide Web (The Internet)." from http://www.worldwidewebsize.com/.

Kwaśnik, B. H. and V. L. Rubin (2003). "Stretching conceptual structures in classifications across languages and cultures." Cataloging & classification quarterly 37(1-2): 33-47.

Mai, J.-E. (1998). "Organization of knowledge: An interpretive approach." Information Science at the Dawn of the Next Millennium: 231-242.

Mai, J.-E. (1999). A Postmodern Theory of Knowledge Organization. Proceedings of the ASIS Annual Meeting, ERIC.

Mai, J.-E. (2000). "Likeness: A pragmatic approach." ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 7: 23-27.

Mai, J.-E. (2002). "Is classification theory possible? Rethinking classification research." ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 8: 472-478.

Mai, J.-E. (2003). "The future of general classification." Cataloging & classification quarterly 37(1-2): 3-12.

Mai, J.-E. (2004). "Classification in context: relativity, reality, and representation." Knowledge organization 31(1): 39-48.

Mai, J.-E. (2009). "The Boundaries of Classification." Advances in Classification Research Online 20(1).

Mai, J.-E. (2010). "Classification in a social world: bias and trust." Journal of Documentation 66(5): 627-642.

Mai, J.-E. (2011). "The modernity of classification." Journal of Documentation 67(4): 710-730.

Mai, J. (2004). "Classification of the Web: challenges and inquiries." Knowledge organization 31(2): 92.

Manning, C. D., P. Raghavan, et al. (2008). Introduction to Information Retrieval, Cambridge University Press.

Mattoon, C. L. (2010) "Enumerative versus Faceted Classification."

McGuinness, D. L. and F. Van Harmelen (2004). "OWL web ontology language overview." W3C recommendation 10(10): 2004.

Medinal, M. A., J. A. Sanchezz, et al. (2012). "A practical approach to model classification schemes with OWL ontologies."

Mitchell, J. S. and M. Panzer (2013). "Dewey linked data: Making connections with old friends and new acquaintances." JLIS. it 4(1): 177.

Mitchell, J. S. and D. Vizine-Goetz (2009). "The DDC and OCLC." Journal of Library Administration 49(6): 657-667.

OCLC (1998) "Introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification."

Prieto-Diaz, R. (1991). "Implementing faceted classification for software reuse." Communications of the ACM 34(5): 88-97.

Raju, A. A. N. (1984). Decimal, Universal Decimal & Colon Classification, Ajanta Publications.

Roszkowski, M. (2011). Using taxonomies for knowledge exploration in subject gateways. Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Professional Information Resources, INFORUM.

Sagar, P. V. (2005). Library Classification, Sonali Publications.

Satija, M. (2008). "Universal Decimal Classification: Past and Present." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 28(6): 3-10.

Satija, M. P. (2002). Manual of practical colon classification, www. conceptpub. com.

Scherle, R. (2000) "Week 8 - Systematic Organization: Faceted Schemes."

Scott, M. L. (1998). Dewey Decimal Classification, 21st Edition: A Study Manual and Number Building Guide, Libraries Unlimited Incorporated.

Slavic, A. (2000). "A Definition of Thesauri and Classification as Indexing Tools."

Slavic, A. (2011). "Universal Decimal Classification summary." from http://www.udcc.org/udcsummary/php/index.php?id=8&lang=en.

Smiraglia, R. and C. Van den Heuvel (2013). "Classifications and concepts: towards an elementary theory of knowledge interaction." Journal of Documentation 69(3): 3-3.

Solomon, P. (2002). "Bringing People, Technology, and Systems Together Through Classification Research: Designing, for Change, Learning, and Maintenance." Advances in Classification Research Online 13(1): 23-28.

Szostak, R. (2007). Interdisciplinarity and the classification os scholarly documents by phenomena, theories, and methods. La interdisciplinariedad y la transdisciplinariedad en la organización del conocimiento científico: Interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in the organization of scientific knowledge: Actas del VIII Congreso ISKO-España, León, 18, 19 y 20 de Abril de 2007, Servicio de Publicaciones.

Szostak, R. (2008). "Classification, interdisciplinarity, and the study of science." Journal of Documentation 64(3): 319-332.

Van Rees, R. (2003). "Clarity in the usage of the terms ontology, taxonomy and classification." CIB REPORT 284: 432.

van Sterkenburg, P. (2003). A practical guide to lexicography, John Benjamins Publishing.

Vanopstal, K., R. Vander Stichele, et al. (2011). "Vocabularies and retrieval tools in biomedicine: disentangling the terminological knot." Journal of medical systems 35(4): 527-543.

Wijewickrema, C. M. and R. Gamage (2013). "An ontology based fully automatic document classification system using an existing semi-automatic system."

Wild, P. J., M. D. Giess, et al. (2009). "Describing engineering documents with faceted approaches: observations and reflections." Journal of Documentation 65(3): 420-445.

Woo, J. (1994). "The relationship between what we know and how we classify: Some philosophical bases for inquiry." Advances in Classification Research Online 5(1): 197-210.

Xin, R. S., O. Hassanzadeh, et al. (2013). "Publishing bibliographic data on the Semantic Web using BibBase." Semantic Web 4(1): 15-22.

Yelton, A. (2011). "A Simple Scheme for Book Classification Using Wikipedia." Information Technology and Libraries 30(1): 7-15.

Yi, K. (2006). Challenges in automated classification using library classification schemes. Proceedings of world library and information congress: 72nd ifla general conference and council, Citeseer.

Zhu, Z. (2011). Improving Search Engines via Classification, University of London.

Downloads

Published

2017-09-17

How to Cite

Ullah, A., Khusro, S., & Ullah, I. (2017). Bibliographic Classification in the Digital Age: Current Trends & Future Directions. Information Technology and Libraries, 36(3), 48–77. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v36i3.8930

Issue

Section

Articles