Articles

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  Gangs Born Out of Civil War: Factors Leading to the Creation of MS-13 and 18th Street Gang

  Robert Casales

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  A History of Privacy Rights in America: From the Fourth Amendment to the Patriot Act

  William Twomey

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  A Quest for Common Cents: The Future of the Penny in United States Currency

  Ethan Starr

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• Venezuela in Crisis: A Backgrounder

  Jorge Mejía

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• American Nativism and Islamophobia in Germany: Drawing Parallels

  Camille Ford

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• Declining Fertility in a Rapidly Aging Japan

  Theodore Allen

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