Reforms in France: When Competition and Cooperation Clash
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2019.99.11671Keywords:
Competition; cooperation; France; universities; reformsAbstract
France has experienced two major waves of reforms in the past fifteen years. The first one enhanced cooperation at the local level and the second increased the level of competition. This paper describes these reforms and analyses how they interfered one with another.
Downloads
Published
2019-09-17
How to Cite
Musselin, C. (2019). Reforms in France: When Competition and Cooperation Clash. International Higher Education, (99), 28–29. https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2019.99.11671
Issue
Section
Regions and Countries
License
Copyright (c) 2019 International Higher Education
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Authors will be required to sign our standard License Ageement before publication.
A Word document containing the License Agreement is available for download here.
